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Constraints on ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray sources from a search for neutrinos above 10 PeV with IceCube

机译：使用IceCube搜索10 PeV以上的中微子对超高能宇宙射线源的限制

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We report constraints on the sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above 109 GeV, based on an analysis of seven years of IceCube data. This analysis efficiently selects very high- energy neutrino-induced events which have deposited energies from 5×105 GeV to above 1011 GeV. Two neutrino-induced events with an estimated deposited energy of (2.6±0.3)×106 GeV, the highest neutrino energy observed so far, and (7.7±2.0)×105 GeV were detected. The atmospheric background-only hypothesis of detecting these events is rejected at 3.6σ. The hypothesis that the observed events are of cosmogenic origin is also rejected at >99% CL because of the limited deposited energy and the nonobservation of events at higher energy, while their observation is consistent with an astrophysical origin. Our limits on cosmogenic neutrino fluxes disfavor the UHECR sources having a cosmological evolution stronger than the star formation rate, e.g., active galactic nuclei and γ-ray bursts, assuming proton-dominated UHECRs. Constraints on UHECR sources including mixed and heavy UHECR compositions are obtained for models of neutrino production within UHECR sources. Our limit disfavors a significant part of parameter space for active galactic nuclei and new-born pulsar models. These limits on the ultrahigh-energy neutrino flux models are the most stringent to date.
机译：根据对IceCube七年数据的分析，我们报告了109 GeV以上的超高能宇宙射线（UHECR）的来源受到限制。该分析有效地选择了高能量中微子诱发的事件，这些事件沉积的能量从5×105 GeV到1011 GeV以上。检测到两个中微子诱发的事件，估计的沉积能量为（2.6±0.3）×106 GeV，是迄今为止观测到的最高中微子能量，为（7.7±2.0）×105 GeV。检测这些事件的仅大气本底假设在3.6σ时被拒绝。由于所沉积的能量有限且在较高能量下未观测到事件，因此观测到的事件是宇宙起源的假说也被拒绝在大于99％的CL中，而它们的观测与天体物理学的起源是一致的。假设质子为主的UHECR，我们对宇宙中微子通量的限制不利于具有比恒星形成速率强的宇宙学演化的UHECR源，例如活跃的银河核和γ射线爆发。对于UHECR源中的中微子产生模型，获得了UHECR源（包括混合的UHECR和重的UHECR成分）的约束。我们的限制不利于活跃的银河核和新生脉冲星模型的参数空间的很大一部分。迄今为止，对超高能中微子通量模型的这些限制最为严格。

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